标题: 台湾高速铁路竞争策略之研究
Studies on Competitive Strategies for Taiwan High-Speed Rail
作者: 严振昌
Chen-Chang Yen
谢尚行
Shang-Hsing Hsieh
运输与物流管理学系
关键字: 高速铁路;竞争策略;SWOT分析法;层级分析法;High-Speed Rail;Competitive Strategy;SWOT;AHP
公开日期: 2000
摘要: 高速铁路是目前政府正在推动重大交通建设之一,预计在民国94年通车营运,未来高速铁路加入台湾西部运输市场后,势必对于各运具与原搭乘民众造成影响,使各运具之市场区隔将重新定位。由于高铁为新加入之运具,若没有适当的行销手法与竞争策略,或一味地想要以良好的供给来创造需求,未对城际走廊内乘客真正的喜好特性及外在运输环境加以考量,将可能导致空有高品质的运输服务,却无法吸引旅客前来使用。因此,本研究尝试找出台湾高速铁路之营运目标与竞争策略,以作为高铁有关单位在营运决策上的参考。
首先利用次级资料的搜集、专家访谈、问卷调查,配合SWOT分析法分析出台湾高速铁路内部优势(Strength)、劣势(Weakness)与外部环境之机会(Opportunity)与威胁(Threat),以作为研拟其竞争策略之依据。在内部分析方面,探讨高铁本身的经营环境与使用者特性,分析内部经营所拥有的优势与劣势,以找出高铁生存的凭藉;在外部环境分析方面,分析服务于城际运输走廊内的公路客运、台铁、航空及私人运具与高铁的关系,且探讨政府相关政策与法规,以瞭解各运具在运输市场上的竞争态势。
在认清台湾高速铁路所面临的优势(S)、劣势(W)、机会(O)、威胁(T)后,利用SWOT矩阵进行策略因子的配对,而得到SO策略(把握优势-利用机会)、ST策略(把握优势-减少威胁)、WO策略(减少弱势-利用机会)、WT策略(减少弱势-减少威胁),并经专家学者讨论而得出台湾高速铁路具体之营运目标与策略方案,以期能为台湾高速铁路找到最佳的生存利基。最后将SWOT分析法所研拟之高铁竞争策略,利用AHP分析法与专家问卷进行优先顺序之评选,以找出台湾高速铁路最佳之营运目标与竞争策略方案。
最后得到台湾高速铁路内在优势、劣势与外在环境之机会、威胁,并找出其营运目标以提供“安全、舒适、便捷”之运输服务为最优先考虑,而竞争策略是以营运服务的整合为最重要。就具体策略方案而言,在多角化的经营中,以经营附属事业为最重要;在独特品牌的树立中,以利用先进交通资讯系统为最重要;在营运服务的整合中,以与轨道系统的整合为最重要;在行销技术的引入中,以平面及媒体的广告宣传为最重要,而得到本研究之具体结论。
High-speed rail is one of the important transportation constructions of Taiwan Government. It will be finished and in operation in the year 2005 which certainly will make a great change to the western transportation market in Taiwan. The market share of every mode will be reallocated. The high-speed rail is a new mode and is able to provide high-quality services. It could only attract less passengers, if the high-speed rail company ignores the needs of passengers and draws no appropriate marketing strategies or competitive strategies. This study tries to find out the goals and the competitive strategies of Taiwan high-speed rail as references in operation and decision making for relevant authorities.
This study first uses SWOT method associating with secondary data collection, expert interview, and questionnaire investigation to analyze the attributes of Taiwan high-speed rail and to find out its internal strength, weakness, and external opportunity, threat. Then, matching strategic factors with SWOT matrix can obtain SO strategies, ST strategies, WO strategies, and WT strategies. By using expert interview we can get the concrete operation goals and the competitive strategies of Taiwan high-speed rail. Finally, by applying Analytical Hierarchy Process method(AHP)and expert questionnaire we choose several competitive strategies. In conclusion, it can be found the priority of the strategies and optimal strategies for Taiwan high-speed rail.
URI: http://140.113.39.130/cdrfb3/record/nctu/#NT890423005
http://hdl.handle.net/11536/67052
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