标题: 晶圆制造厂订单抵换订价机制之构建
The Construction of Pricing Mechanism for Order Exchange in Wafer Fabrication
作者: 庄佳蒨
Chia-Chien, Chuang
钟淑馨
Shu-Hsing Chung
工业工程与管理学系
关键字: 晶圆制造厂;订单抵换;产能定价;抵换价格;capacity pricing;order exchange pricing;order exchange;wafer fabrication
公开日期: 2001
摘要: 由于资讯的不透明,常会造成企业销货预测与市场实际需求有所差异。如何妥善因应顾客因策略更动而提出之插换单需求,快速评估生产面与成本面变动,制定合适的抵换方案及换单价格,将是企业追求服务品质提升,维持系统最终获利所必需考量的一项重要因子。
针对上述问题,本文以系统化的观点,提出晶圆制造厂订单抵换的定价机制,期使晶圆制造业者在面临顾客提出的插换单要求时,能依据厂内之生产特性及产能,进行最合理的调度,同时在满足顾客需求与维持系统稳定的前提下,设定合适的插入工单的抵换价格,以获取利润。
本文基于限制理论的管理概念,以关键资源为监控重点,分为三大模组进行定价相关的规划作业:
1.“产能定价模组”-首先透过系统转换成本之分摊,配合各规划工单的制程结构及产能耗用状况,推估工单于定价关键资源的基本产能成本。接着,应用动态瓶颈法,依照工单的紧迫度因子与等级优势加价因子,推算工单因等级别而缩减等候时间所应付出的补偿成本。最后,累加各项成本并以成本加价法来设定工单的基本产能价格。
2.“抵换价格订定模组”-当面临插换单需求时,首先应用郭氏[24]之“订单抵换机制”分析、比较关键资源产能供需的方式,获取初步的候选工单。接着,考量工单等级别、瓶颈机种产能供需区间、候选工单可释放时点、产品族之异同、候选工单的基本价格与已耗用产能成本等因子,筛选出最适的抵换方案。最后,根据抵换作业将所造成的产能及成本之变动,制定插入工单所应负担之抵换价格。
3.“抵换评估模组”-依据抵换方案进行重排程及异动结果之绩效评估。
模拟结果显示,应用本文的订单抵换定价机制,不仅能将等级别对于等候时间的影响反应至工单基本价格中,也可以快速搜寻出合适的抵换方案,进而设定插单的抵换价格。对于生产系统整体而言,所选取之抵换方案对生产绩效及净利之保障,有相当的成效,亦实现实质的抵换获利。
Because of information uncertainty, there is often a variance between sales forecast and real market demand. How to respond to the need of order exchange from customers, to analyze the impact to production and cost, and to design an appropriate order exchange plan and order exchange price, have become an important task for enterprises in pursuing higher service quality and ultimate profit maximization.
To solve the above problems, this thesis will base on a systematic viewpoint to propose a pricing mechanism for order exchange in wafer fabrication. When a wafer manufacturer faces an order exchange demand from a customer, it can base on the production characteristics and capacity of the fab to proceed an appropriate adjustment. By both satisfying customer demand and maintaining system stabilization, the mechanism will help determine an order exchange price of inserting order so that a higher profit can be achieved.
This thesis will base on the management concept of theory of constraint (TOC) and use critical resources as our monitoring emphasis. Three modules are introduced for the pricing mechanism:
1. Capacity pricing module – Based on the allocation of system conversion cost, process of each planned order and the capacity usage, it estimated first the unit capacity usage cost of each critical resource. Next, bottleneck dynamics method will be applied to calculate the compensation cost of reducing queueing time because of higher priority based on an order’s urgency factor and value-added factor of higher priority. Then, all cost factors will be summarized to get the capacitated cost of each priority order. Based on markup method, the basic capacity price for each order can be determined.
2. Order exchange pricing module – When facing an order exchange need, a preliminary order nominee list will be obtained based on the analysis of order exchange mechanism proposed by Kuo[24] and the capacity loading comparison of critical resources. Next, factors such as priority levels of orders, capacity supply and demand of bottleneck machines, releasing time of nominee orders, difference among product families, basic price of nominee order, and exhausted capacity cost, will be considered to find the most appropriate order exchange plan. Then, based on the change of capacity and cost due to order exchange activity, an exchange price of inserting order will be determined.
3. Order exchange evaluation module – Based on the order exchange plan, a rescheduling will be proceeded, and performance evaluation is conducted.
The simulation results showed that pricing mechanism for order exchange not only can reflect the impact of priority level to queueing time into the basic order price, it can also search an appropriate order exchange option quickly and determine the order exchange price. For the production system, the overall performance and net income can be protected by the order exchange plan, and the profit of order exchange can be realized.
URI: http://140.113.39.130/cdrfb3/record/nctu/#NT900031007
http://hdl.handle.net/11536/68128
显示于类别:Thesis