考慮氣調技術應用之生鮮蔬果產品併裝最佳化

Abstract

因蔬果供應鏈逐漸全球化，在國內已經有許多蔬果出口至國外，當然首要條件就是蔬果的品質，在經過漫長的運輸時間之後，仍可被零售商、消費者所接受。而氣調保鮮是一種延長生鮮蔬果產品貯存期限的技術，其方法為在冷藏環境下，降低空氣中的氧氣，升高二氧化碳，使蔬果產品在低溫下進一步降低呼吸率及代謝速率，以達到延長貯藏期限的效果。而台灣，在供應端存在許多小農，貨物量通常都太少，不足裝滿整櫃，而無法出口；在需求端，消費者對產品的需求逐漸由大量消費轉變為「少量、多樣」的消費型態。 有鑑於此，本研究藉由歸納影響蔬果產品品質變化的關鍵因素，依據產品的裝運與儲存環境條件將產品分類，進而發展多種產品同櫃混裝之準則，並針對蔬果供應鏈中的產地-物流中心、物流中心-零售商這兩段供應鏈，分別考慮以氣調貯藏(controlled atmosphere storage, CA)及氣調包裝貯藏(modified atmosphere package, MAP)延長貨架壽命，在蔬果產品少量多樣之情況下，以非線性整數規劃(integer non-linear programming, INLP)方法建構一「考慮氣調技術應用之生鮮蔬果產品併裝最佳化模式」，透過對模擬範例資料，求解在分級制度下的考慮氣調技術之蔬果產品併裝(Consolidation)決策問題。最後再對數個模式中重要的參數：溫度、氣調設定成本、包裝成本、容器成本及貨架壽命預測對併裝成本與產品損失，進行敏感度分析，找出對模式有重要影響的敏感度因素。

Due to the globalization of the supply chain of fruits and vegetables, many fruits and vegetables in Taiwan have been exported to foreign countries. The first condition is that the quality of fruits and vegetables which transport a long time can still be accepted by retailers and consumers. And the atmosphere storage technology is used to extend the shelf life of fresh fruits and vegetables products. The atmosphere storage technology is the method that reduces the oxygen and increase carbon dioxide in the air to reduce fruit and vegetables product’s respiration rate of metabolism in order to prolong the storage duration. In Taiwan, on the supply side, there are many small-scale farmers.Their amount of goods are usually too small, less than filled the entire cabinet, so that can not be exported; On the demand side, the consumers also changed their shopping style from bulk purchase into various and small amount of purchase. Under the circumstances, this research purposed the principles for storing different products into same storage boxes. The principles are based on inducting key factors which would change the quality of fresh fruits and vegetables; sorting products based on different conditions of loading and storage environment. Focus on two parts: place of origin-logistics centers and logistics centers-retailers of fruit and vegetable supply chain, considering separately applicated to controlled atmosphere storage(CA) and modified atmosphere package(MAP) to extend the shelf life. For dealing with fruits and vegetables turned into various and small amount situation,using integer non-linear programming (INLP) methods to construct a "Consolidation Optimaztion for Fresh Fruits and Vegetables with Atmosphere Storage Technology". Through the simulated sample data, solve the consolidation optimaztion for fresh fruits and vegetables with atmosphere storage technology under consideration classification system. Finally, do some sensitivity analysis to several important parameters of modes: temperature, atmosphere setting costs, packaging costs, container using costs and shelf life prediction, expecting to identify important factors that affect the objectivity fo the model.