大賣場防火對策之研究

Abstract

近年來因國人消費習慣大幅改變，具備多選擇性及便利性之大賣場陸續設置。然而大賣場因密閉空間、高火載量及收容人員眾多等特性，一旦發生火災，均造成重大財物損失及人命喪亡。例如2004年8月1日巴拉圭亞松森市「伊庫亞波拉諾」大賣場的火災造成509人死亡及144人受傷之慘劇。因此，研擬一套完善的大賣場防火對策，是一項刻不容緩的當務之急。 本研究共分為五章。第一章為緒論。旨在說明本研究之動機、目的、對象與範圍、研究方法與流程。第二章為文獻探討。就我國、日本及中國大陸有關大賣場之防火法規，進行分析與比較，並蒐集大賣場防火安全的相關資料，探討大賣場之火災成因、成長模式、特性及危害等因素，提供研擬大賣場防火對策時的參考依據。第三章為大賣場防火安全調查與分析。針對國內外四個重大火災案例，分析其火災歷程及造成重大人命傷亡與財物損失之各危險因子。根據新竹市4家大賣場的現況調查，探討業者在（一）消防安全設備之設置與維護、（二）防火管理制度、（三）防火避難設施之管理維護等三方面的措施，並彙整相關資料，進一步闡述大賣場防火安全課題及現況困境。第四章旨在分析第二、三章所得的資料，研擬大賣場防火對策。內容包括（一）不燃化對策、（二）消防安全設備之設置與維護、（三）防火避難設施之管理與維護、（四）人員收容管制、（五）緊急應變體系、（六）災後復原計畫等6個項目。第五章則提出本研究之結論及建議事項。

In recent years, the shopping malls offer more choices and greater convenience to the consumers. However, because of many combustible goods stored in an airtight and crowded space, the loss of property and life in case of a fire will be expected to be tremendous. For example, a fire occurred in Ycua Bolanos shopping mall in Asuncion city, Paraguay, on 1st of August, 2004, caused 509 people died and 144 people were injured. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to develop the fire prevention strategies and install fire fighting facilities in such area. This thesis is divided into five chapters. Chapter One is an introduction, explaining the research motivation, purpose, method and procedures. Chapter Two focuses on the literature review. The fire prevention laws in Taiwan, Japan, and Mainland China are analyzed and compared. The causes, patterns, characteristics, and possible damage of fires are provided for reference. Chapter Three investigates the safety measures aimed on shopping malls. The main reasons for the fire and the loss of human life and goods for the four major conflagrations occurred in Taiwan and abroad are analyzed intensively. Based on the four shopping malls in Hsinchu city, the following points, such as (1) the establishment and management of fire prevention equipment, (2) the fire prevention procedures, (3) the management and control of emergency exits, the three problems encountered by managers concerning fire prevention equipment and measures are probed. Chapter Four analyzes the information based on Chapters One and Two and sets up the fire prevention strategies. They include: (1) not storing inflammable goods, (2) the maintenance of safety equipment, (3) emergency exits maintenance, (4) shelters for consumers, (5) emergency measures, (6) recovery after the fire. Finally, the conclusions and suggestions are given in Chapter Five.