形體特徵結構與意象認知的關係研究

Abstract

本研究在探討受測者在不同實驗情況下，對於3D物體形狀之辨識的處理基制之特性，主要三個部份來進行：（1）形體特徵的感知與情感意象之關係；（2）形體特徵構成與相似性檢驗關係；（3）形體特徵對分類行為的影響。各項實驗結果，呈現形體特徵與辨識評估間的關係，主要在籬清形體的構成特徵對於不同實驗情況的影響程度。 在特徵感知與情感意象關係的研究方面，是利用語意差異法來探討消費者對於個別形體的感知中，其情感意象分佈的特性。實驗之結果顯示，各聚群皆有特定的共有特徵，並且顯示這些特徵對於情感反應的特定關係。其結果顯示各聚群所具有之特定的代表特徵，其在空間各具有分佈相當獨立與明確的位置，及其與形體特徵分佈的關係，顯示受測族群在做語意差異評估時，會較固定依某幾種特定特徵組合為依據。它同時也驗証情感反應與視覺感知之間確實有非常密切的關係。 在形體特徵與相似性檢驗方面，主要是在了解當受測者在比較形體之間的差異(相似)程度時，其辨識判斷機制與特徵間之關係。研究結果可顯示，受測者會依據特徵的突顯性差異，而決定形體間的相似程度； 同時也發現受測者在做相似性判斷時時會以特徵比對的行為進行比較。而這種特徵比對的行為和各個特徵的突顯性有相當大的關係。本實驗的結果證實受測者在進行相似性判斷時，會運用相當具有結構性的特徵關係，來有效地處理看似複雜但卻可被賦予特定特徵關係的視覺資訊。 本研究在最後進行3D形體特徵與分類行為關係的研究，從果發現受測者在進行形體之分類處理時，都會以特定的複合特徵形式，主導各向度出現之次序。受測者在做自由意志分類時，是以部份特徵間在特定組合下會產生整體形體的印象來進行分類。藉由計算出各特徵會引起注意的權重值，顯示各特徵有很明顯之突顯性程度的差異。至於在相同特徵數量與整體相似性的關係曲線分析中，也發現兩組受測者都是傾向以形體間之整體性感覺來處理分類性資訊。 本研究除了釐清各種不同辨識行為的特性外，更可幫助工業設計師在進行形體特徵詮釋時，先有系統地分析設計目的與消費者在特定情況下的辨識行為，再精確地掌握產品造形特徵與設計目的關係，以使更有效地掌握消費市場。

This study attempts to explore the mechanisms people use in 3D form identification in different situations. There are three experiments in this study: (1) Affective images of structuralized form feature perception, (2) Effects of form feature structure on similarity identification, (3) Effects of geometric form features on categorical perception. The results from each experiment will indicate the characteristics of form identification relating to form features in different experiment tasks. The first experiment intended to investigate the consumers’ affective responses by using the semantic differential method to evaluate 3D form features in prisms. From the shared common form features in each group, the relative influences of combined form features to affective responses were identified. The results demonstrate an evident structural relationship between the abstract affective image distribution patterns and structuralized form features. It confirms that there is a close tie between the affective response and cognitive process of visual perception. The second experiment was emphasized on the behavior of similarity identification relating to form features. The results indicated that subjects could precisely perceive the similarity according to the salience of form features. It was found that people made decisions on similarity judgment by feature matching behavior. This kind of feature matching process was closely related to the differences in salience between various form features. Results of the study demonstrated that in dealing with the similarity identification task, human beings were able to use their structural ability to handle effectively the visual information that looks complicated but possesses specific relations between form features. The third experiment was emphasized on the effect the structure of 3-D form features has on the categorizing process. The results indicated that subjects’ classification process was strongly related to the prisms’ compounded features. The attention weighting of each individual feature was calculated and indicated that each feature had a different effect on the categorizing process. The analysis of the relations between the number of feature identities and overall similarity indicated the distribution curve skewed to multiplicative distribution, it suggested that subjects classify the features in a holistic manner.

The results demonstrated the characteristics of form identification in different situations. It provided an important reference to industrial designers dealing with form design. With carefully analysis the situation of new forms identification, either for affective responses, similarity comparison, or product categorization, designers can effectively manipulate the changes of features in new form for the market.