高齡行人交通風險感認之研究

Abstract

歩行是一種常為大眾所使用的主要交通方式，然而高齡行人在步行時的交通事故發生率卻遠比其他年齡層的行人高，此現象在死亡或重傷案件尤為突顯。這些交通事故背後的一個重要影響因素是高齡行人對於交通安全的態度，其中風險感認似乎又對高齡行人穿越道路之行為具有影響力。 本研究之目的在於調查高齡行人之風險感認，並且評估年齡與性別對風險感認的影響。在以臺北地區之593位高齡行人作為樣本進行分析後，發現70至74歲者的整體風險感認較其他年齡層為高；而性別對於風險感認沒有顯著影響。 高齡行人之風險感認與其穿越道路之行為，這二者間的關聯性攸關高齡行人的步行安全；有鑒於此，本研究亦針對高齡行人穿越道路之行為受到風險感認影響之程度進行探討。在這一部分係使用線性結構關係軟體進行高齡行人行為模式之驗證，驗證結果顯示整體模式之適配程度相當良好，且安全行為動機與安全行為之間的正向影響關係達到統計上的顯著性，惟風險感認對於安全行為動機近於無任何影響，亦即以風險感認無法預測安全行為動機以及安全行為。 研究結果顯示風險感認幾乎不會影響高齡行人之交通行為，故風險感認應非造成交通事故之主要因素；另外，為改善高齡行人之歩行安全，吾人應由交通工程、教育與執法三方面進行整體改善，以為高齡行人提供一個良好且安全的歩行環境。

Pedestrian travel is a major mode of transportation. But older pedestrians have been shown to be over-involved in casualty crashes, particularly those resulting in fatal or serious injury outcomes. One of the factors behind these road casualties is older pedestrians’ attitude towards traveling safety. Risk perception seems to be a influential factor of their road crossing behaviour. This study set out to investigate older pedestrians’ risk perception, and evaluate the effect of age and gender on risk perception. A questionnaire was administered to 593 older pedestrians in Taipei. Statistically significants between the 70 to 74 years group and any other age groups are based on T-tests, the 70 to 74 years group had highest risk perception than the other groups. Gender was not a influential factor of risk perception. The relationship between older pedestrians’ risk perception and road crossing behaviour is also receiving increasing attention. This study also investigate whether older pedestrians’ road crossing behaviour might render them more vulnerable to crashes because of their risk perception. The evaluations of the older pedestrians’ behaviour model using LISREL showed a significant fit. There was a significant positive correlation between safety motives and safe road crossing behaviour, but risk perception was not find to predict safety motives and safe road crossing behaviour. The findings suggest that risk perception may not play a major substantial role in many of the crashes involving older pedestrians. Practical implications for road safety countermeasures are also highlighted, particularly the provision of safe road environments.