我國國防科技專案釋商的社會效率評估

Abstract

中山科學研究院（以下簡稱中科院）是我國防最重要的戰略資產，為順應世界軍民通用科技相互為用的潮流，自2004年起執行「軍品釋商科技專案計畫」，以國防軍備需求為基礎，在國防資源釋商的政策支持下，引導業界參與軍品研製與技術應用開發，建立創新性之國防科研與民生產業的價值轉化機制，將國防科技轉化與整合，發揮軍轉民、民通軍互補綜效。 環顧國內研究，傳統的績效評估忽略考量外部效益，然對中科院此類非營利組織而言，外部效益是相當重要的產出。且軍品釋商科技專案以中科院研發成果為技術移轉標的，故進行績效評估時當考慮到外部性的影響。 本研究採用資料包絡分析法，評估經濟部技術處「中科院軍品釋商科技專案計畫」第一期之應結案41項專案的效率，透過軍通產合開發計畫取得2004至2006年成果統計資料。投入項有研發經費、研究人力、研發時程；產出項則運用經濟學的外部性理論，分成內部效益（中科院技術移轉授權金收入數）、外部效益（合作廠商獲得訂單數），以及非金錢效益之建立合格廠商數、專利數、論文數與研究報告。再者，因專案經歷三年為剔除物價變動因素，本研究以2004年為基期，利用主計處公佈之國內生產毛額平減指數計算每個專案所投入或產出項的實質價值。 研究主要結論：(1)軍品釋商科技專案之內涵是軍品研製技術釋商，由各專案的整體技術效率值分析驗證研發專案具有外部性，對此類專案的績效評估應從社會整體效益來考量，避免缺乏效度。(2)建議管理者的決策可針對不同效益取向，於後續軍品釋商科技專案之選商、選題採取不同策略。如以中科院私人效益最大化考量，應與具低研發密集度、低研發人員比例的大企業合作，致力於一年期之材料與化工領域內相關專案。如要兼顧中科院內部效益與社會金錢效益，則以一年期之材料與化工領域相關專案為主，與具低研發密集度、低研發人員比例的中小企業或大企業合作。然要兼具社會金錢與非金錢效益，則以一年期之材料與化工領域內相關專案為主，選商則以中小企業具低研發密集度、低研發人員比例為合作對象。

The Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology (CSIST) is the most important strategic asset of ROC national defense. It is a trend for countries all over of the world to develop dual-use technologies which can apply to both defense and industry. Being funded by Minsitry of Economic Affairs (MOEA) since 2004, CSIST has been conducting the Technology Development Program for Outsourcing Defense Products (TDP), which implements the policy for national defense resources to release to enterprises. The program is designed to encourage local firms to join defense technology research in order to create commercial application values. Traditional performance evaluation often neglects external benefits of a program. However, for a non-profit organization such as CSIST, the external benefits are important outputs. This research utilizes data envelopment analysis (DEA) to evaluate the efficiency of TDP projects. With the help of Dual-use Technology Cooperation Program of CSIST, formal 2004-2006 data were obtained from MOEA. There are three inputs in the model: funds, manpower and time span. The six outputs include royalty revenue derived from CSIST technology transfer, sales order from cooperated parties, qualifid vendors, patents, papers and research reports. All nominal variables are transformed into real variables at the price level of 2004. TDP is to transfer mature technology to local industries. To avoid the performance revaluation is determinated as inefficiency; projects like TDP should be treated from the viewpoint of society benefits. TDP managers may apply different strategies to collect desirable technology and qualified companions. When only internal benefits are considered, one-year research topics with large firms in material and chemistry give the highest efficiency. When internal and money benefits are considered, one-year research topics with small or large firms in material and chemistry give the highest efficiency. If the non-money ouputs are also taken into the model, it is better to cooperate with small firms in material and chemistry industries.