歐盟跨國高等教育之區域化與全球化：從伊拉斯莫斯計畫到伊拉斯莫斯世界計畫

Abstract

本研究係在探討當今全球相互依賴的場域下，歐洲各國藉由區域整合的方式結盟成為超國家組織，所推行的跨國高等教育計畫─伊拉斯莫斯計畫，對於歐盟的高等教育推行和擴張影響深遠，而伊拉斯莫斯世界計畫的實施更是以前所未有的姿態引領全球高等教育的發展。本文針對區域化、全球化以及跨國高等教育的理論進行分析，進而探究上述理論與伊拉斯莫斯計畫、伊拉斯莫斯世界計畫之間的關聯作用。綜上而言，本文的研究目的在於： 一、探討全球化、區域化對跨國高等教育之影響。 二、探究區域化與伊拉斯莫斯計畫之間的關連性。 三、分析全球化與伊拉斯莫斯世界計畫之間的關連性。 四、透過台灣參與過伊拉斯莫斯世界計畫的學生、學者經驗分享，對未來我國參與伊拉斯莫 斯世界計畫以及進行互動合作時，提供參考與建議。 為達成上述研究目的，本文第二章即針對全球化、區域化以及跨國高等教育之意涵加以探討。其次，在第三章的部分則對於歐盟跨國高等教育的興起、高等教育政策的發展歷程進行論述。而第四章的內容著墨於伊拉斯莫斯計畫的演進與實施現況，並探究該計畫與區域化的交互作用。第五章則研究伊拉斯莫斯世界計畫的發展歷程與實施情形，理解該計畫與全球化發展的關連性，並且訪問參與該計畫的台灣學者與學生之所見所聞。在第六章的內容，本文根據前述研究，做出以下結論： 一、全球化破除國家疆域的限制形成緊密互動之連結關係，區域整合實為當今國家尋求合作 與互助的重要機制。 二、跨國高等教育合作計畫有助於因應全球化和區域化並提升國家發展前景。 三、歐盟透過交流合作、資源整合、自由開放與凝聚共識，打造歐洲高等教育優質品牌形象。 四、伊拉斯莫斯計畫創造機會、發展歐洲面向並實現國際化，累積歐盟區域實力與提升國際 競爭力。 五、伊拉斯莫斯世界計畫提高歐盟的能見度與擴張全球的影響力，建立世界卓越之高等教育 中心。 關鍵詞：全球化、區域化、歐盟跨國高等教育、伊拉斯莫斯計畫、伊拉斯莫斯世界計畫

This study aims to discuss the implementation and impact of two EU higher education programmes: Erasmus Programme and Erasmus Mundus Programme from the perspectives of regionalization, globalization and transnational higher education. The goals of the study include: 1. To discuss the interactions between globalization, regionalization and transnational higher education; 2. To investigate the relationships between the regionalization and Erasmus Programme; 3. To analyze the relationships between globalization and Erasmus Mundus Programme; 4. To provide suggestions for Taiwan’s participation in Erasmus Mundus Programme.

In order to complete the goals, the author discuss the theories of globalization, regionalization and transnational higher education in Chapter 2. In Chapter 3, the author focuses on the evolvement and current situation of Erasmus Programme. Chapter 4 analyzes the relationships between the Programme and the trend of regionalization. In Chapter 5, the author discusses Erasmus Mundus Programme form the viewpoint of globalization. After interviewing some of the students and scholars who have taken part in Erasmus Mundus Programme, the author makes some suggestions for Taiwan’s participation in the future. The study could be concluded as follows: 1. While globalization could limit national sovereignty, it stimulates the cooperation between nations geographically close and lead to the re-emergence of regionalization. 2. Transnational higher education programmes accelerate the development of globalization and regionalization at the same time. 3. EU educational agreements and arrangements have successfully led to resources integration, mutual recognition and quality assurance. 4. Erasmus Programme accomplishes internationalization, accumulates capabilities and promotes international competition. 5. Erasmus Mundus Programme advances the visibility in EU higher education and expands its worldwide influences.

Key words: globalization, regionalization, EU transnational higher education, Erasmus Programme, Erasmus Mundus Programme