超時工作與工作家庭衝突:個人背景變項與人格特質的調節作用

Abstract

本研究首要目的在探討超時工作對於工作家庭衝突的影響與關係。第二個目的則是調查個人背景變項、超時工作動機及人格特質對上述關係的調節作用。本研究樣本是從公家機關及私人企業中挑出392個員工填寫問卷，來檢測假說。 資料分析採用階層迴歸。研究結果發現超時工作時，只有超時工作時數越高，工作-家庭衝突與家庭-工作衝突影響越高；在超時工作次數較多及超時工作忙碌程度高時，工作-家庭的衝突影響越高。超時工作動機越高時，所知覺到的工作-家庭衝突與家庭-工作衝突越低。超時工作對於男性而言，不論是超時工作時數、超時工作次數及超時工作忙碌程度較高時，所知覺到的家庭-工作衝突皆大於女性。人格特質越開放學習，超時工作知覺工作-家庭衝突與家庭-工作衝突的影響不成立。 本研究集中焦點於超時工作與工作家庭衝突關係。我們希望此研究之發現對於企業與員工家庭關係的管理有所貢獻，以幫助員工取得工作與家庭生活平衡。

The first purpose of this research is to explore the relationships between work overtime and work-family conflict (FWC/WFC). The second purpose is to examine the moderating effects of employee’s biographic background and personality on the above relationships. Three hundred and ninety two employees from public and private business entities were sampled for questionnaire survey and provided data for hypothesis testing. Regression analyses were used in data analysis. The results of the analyses howed that: 1. More overtime hours led to greater WFC and FWC. 2. Frequency of overtime work and a feeling of busy while working overtime was positively related to WFC. 3. Positive attitude toward overtime work was negatively related to WFC and FWC. 4. Men in overtime work experienced a higher level of FWC than women. 5. The personality trait of openness to experience had no influence on the overtime and FWC or WFC relationship. The findings of this research could contribute to assist managers in maintaining a balance between enterprise activities and employee’s family lives in order to make employee feel less stressed on their jobs and hence improve their productivities.