公車專用道對公車服務水準, 載客與交通擁擠之影響--以台北市為例

Abstract

Taipei is facing serious traffic congestion problem. In order to increase the bus ridership, the two contra-flow bus lanes had been implemented on two major arterial streets (Xin-Yi Road and Zen-Eye Road) since February 1990. Department of Transportation, Taipei City Government had imposed another seven exclusive bus lanes (Sung-Chiang Road, Hsin-Sheng-South Road, Xin-Yi Road, Zen-Eye Road, Min-Chuan-East -West Road, Tun-Hua-South-North Road and Nan-Ching-East Road) from January to August in 1996. Implementing exclusive bus lane is one of many strategies to improve the urban traffic. Because of there are several different bus lane plans, it may have different effects by implementing bus lanes in different countries, on different roads, and with different related plans. In the study, we intend to study the effect of this bus priority strategy on three issues, include the buses' level of service，ridership and the traffic congestion condition. In this study, we used (1) secondary hand data , (2) questionnaire survey and (3) field investigation to collect the related information. This study used the statistical test procedure to draw an appropriate conclusion from sample data for the difference between two population parameters (before and after). The ARIMA ( Auto-regressive integrate moving average ) method, a time series model, also be developed for evaluating whether the bus ridership is increased or not. The results showed that three factors of buses' level of service —efficiency, convenience, comfort—got positive effect, but the safety didn't. It was also found that the ridership of buses showed significantly increased after the bus lanes implemented. To traffic congestion, there were no significant effect. We suggested that the effectiveness of exclusive bus lanes can be further raised by improving the engineering design of bus lanes and some adjutant strategies. These strategies include improving signal and automatic-fare-collection systems, coloring pavement, enforcing legislation, educating bus drivers and civilians, providing Barrier- Free space, enhancing buses' level of service etc..