台灣IC/SOC產業發展政策與產業組合之研究

Abstract

本研究以國家產業組合模式分析台灣系統單晶片產業之發展策略，並利用政策關聯性推衍出產業發展所需之政策工具。具體來說，我們將整體系統單晶片產業以產業價值鍊與策略群組加以描述，並針對發展成為關鍵矽智財供應商與智財中心，進行產業分析與政策建議。 本研究之主要架構以產業組合分析模式為基礎，設計出系統單晶片產業組合分析模式，其定位構面縱軸為策略群組，而橫軸為系統單晶片產業價值鏈。本研究在研究方法上採取文獻分析、專家訪談、座談會與專家問卷調查，而在統計方法上兼採有母數統計與無母數統計方法以進行小樣本專家問卷之統計推論。本研究並以競爭優勢矩陣描述台灣未來發展為關鍵矽智財供應商與智財中心之風險與機會，並透過專訪探討大陸對於發展系統單晶片產業，與台灣競合之因素。 首先，以當前全球系統單晶片產業競爭動態與發展趨勢而言，系統單晶片業廠商所扮演之角色可分為六：關鍵矽智財供應商、矽智財中心、虛擬晶圓廠、專業代工廠、矽智財交易平台與矽智財區域代表等。而台灣目前以虛擬晶圓廠與專業代工廠為主，並已有一些小型晶片設計公司正朝矽智財中心發展中。 其次，本研究定位台灣系統單晶片產業此項領域於營運效能領導者與親密顧客服務導以及產業價值鏈中段（製造與代工階段），並建議其未來應沿系統單晶片產業價值鏈向前段整合。嘗試由專業代工廠、虛擬晶圓廠切入設計/創新階段之矽智財中心，最後朝向邊際利潤最高之關鍵矽智財供應商發展。 本研究針對發展成為矽智財中心及關鍵矽智財供應商之目前定位與未來應發展之方向，根據產業需求要素與政策對應關係，提出台灣大力發展系統單晶片產業所應加強之產業政策細目。研究結果顯示，在發展成為智財中心及關鍵矽智財供應商的過程中，應配合之政策工具分別為「科學與技術之發展」、「教育訓練」及「政策性措施」。而專家所提出的具體政策建議包括：關鍵矽智財之研發由政府鼓勵及補助或由國家出面領導研發、透過國家型計劃大量培育及開放各地（包括大陸）高科技人才來台、加強智財權與專利法之研究，培養提供專利服務與法律諮詢的人才，朝高科技服務業發展、鼓勵資訊透明化，促進不同廠商間矽智財之交流與分享，提升矽智財的重複使用率等。 關鍵字：系統晶片，國家產業組合模式，矽智財中心，關鍵矽智財供應商，虛擬晶圓廠，專業代工廠，矽智財交易平台，矽智財區域代表。

This thesis reports on a portfolio analysis for the strategic development for Taiwan’s IC/SOC industry. Attempts are made to provide policy recommendations, as demanded by Taiwan’s industry for firms positioning at different strategic segments. We segment the global IC/SOC industry into six sectors, namely, the star IP providers, the IP mall operations, the virtual fabs, the OEM providers, the regional representatives, and the IP trading operations. The portfolio model entails a 2-dimensional analysis, in which the strategic grouping and the value chain of the IC/SOC industry are used as, respectively, the vertical and horizontal axes. Three research methods are used for data collection, which include literature review, expert interview, and general survey. A SWOT analysis describes the risks and opportunities for Taiwan to develop the IP mall and the star IP provider. This paper also discusses future co-opetition between Taiwan and China on IC/SOC issues. We have found that most of the Taiwanese firms in the IC/SOC industry are positioned as the OEM providers, while some IC design houses strive to join the IP mall, or as the star IP providers. Based on the portfolio analysis, it is suggested that these firms in the OEM and the virtual fab group integrate backward with those in the upstream to improve the capability and profitability as Taiwan becomes a member of the WTO. After evaluating the Industrial Innovation Requirements and policy goals, this research suggests that the most critical categories of policy instruments are Scientific and Technical Development, Education, Political. The government can command and subsidize the development of the star IPs, establish an educational framework in higher education in the photonics industry to enhance related expertise and human resource capabilities, lift the restrictions against scientists and engineers from mainland China, and enhance intellectual property protection and patent laws. Moreover, diffusion and exchange of IPs among SOC firms should be encouraged to assist the reuse of IPs. Key terms: system on chip, industrial portfolio model ,star IP provider, IP mall, virtual fab, OEM, IP trading, regional representative.