植物工廠供應鏈分析：以野菜工房及紅柿子食品為例

Abstract

以人工光照進行室內栽植(Indoor farming)的概念源於歐洲，亞洲地區則稱之為「植物工廠」(Plant Factory, PF)。該產業目前在台灣，日本，中國，與韓國已發展，並形成有異於傳統農產品的供應鏈結構。然而，目前文獻對植物工廠與室內栽植供應鏈探討的甚為稀少，因此本論文針對此課題進行研究。研究內容主要分為「供應鏈結構與植物工廠產業特性分析」與「植物工廠個案經營模式分析」兩部分。第一部分描繪出完整的植物工廠供應鏈網路結構，並發掘其產業特性與植物工廠業者的策略方向。這部分發現植物工廠產業具有進入障礙低的問題，但同時擁有多產品種類與多元客戶類型的利基市場，容許不同策略的經營模式。第二部分，本研究以效率型及回應型兩種供應鏈策略為基礎挑選野菜工房及紅柿子食品兩個案例公司，分別描繪其商業模式九宮圖並分析其關鍵成功因素。研究發現就組織面而言，兩者均穿越專屬植物工廠的界限，並掌握其延伸至若干關鍵上下游之事業版圖以鞏固其在植物工廠產業的領導地位。另在流程面而言，效率型的野菜工房將設備模組化及生產製程單一化以期在最短時間內快速複製增加產量並提高生產效率以滿足客戶需求；回應型的紅柿子食品則憑藉著強大的研發能力及多元的產品種類提供全方位解決方案回應客戶並建立緊密的關係。在全球暖化狀態下植物工廠的發展變得日益重要，因此本研究期望其研究成果對相關業者與後續研究具有參考價值。

The concept of indoor farming by using artificial light originated from Europe, which has been named to “Plant Factory” (PF) in the Asia Pacific. The PF industry has currently been developed in Northeast Asia and has formed a supply chain which is totally different from traditional agriculture. However, researches related to PFs and indoor farming supply chains are still rare, so the study takes this topic as a research subject. The study can be separated into “Supply chain characteristic analysis of the PF industry” and “Strategic analysis of case companies”. The former part completely describes the structure of a PF supply chain network, and has found that the PF industry has a low entry barrier problem, but it also has multiple types of products and customers and allows businesses with different strategy. In the second part, Vegfab and Red Persimmons Co. (RPC) has been chosen as efficient and responsive supply chain strategies, and analyzed both companies’ key success factors by describing their business models. The analysis has found that both case companies have crossed the boundary of PF and extended their business scales to upstream and downstream for consolidating their leading positions in the PF industry. Besides this, efficiency-oriented Vegfab has modularized PF facilities and simplified production processes in order to rapidly increasing yields and improving production efficiency for fulfilling customers’ needs; response-oriented RPC provides customers total solutions by its strong R&D capability and diversified product types to increase intimacy with customers. Under the condition of global warming, the development of PF’s becomes increasingly important, so the study expect that the research result could be valuable for PF operators and follow-up studies.