影響青少年無照駕駛機車行為意向成因研究分析

Abstract

近年來台灣地區經濟發展快速，國民生活水準不斷提高，私人運具的擁有已成為民眾生活上的必需品。同時，由於國內大部分地區大眾運輸服務之提供並不完善，導致青少年對於運輸需求無法得到滿足，機車的使用已成為青少年族群最主要的交通運輸工具之一，然而青少年族群在法律上並無得到使用機車的授權，有鑒於目前青少年違規無照駕駛機車之情形嚴重，如何提供良好的服務設施及如何研擬一套較具宣導效力的宣導策略以滿足青少年對運輸服務及交通安全相關知識之需求屬刻不容緩的課題。 本研究依據相關文獻首先構築青少年無照駕駛機車之理念架構，提出影響違規駕駛機車意向之八個構面，包括(1)自我控制能力、(2)家庭生活、(3)學校教育、(4)同儕團體、(5)社會影響、(6)法律認知與執行、(7)旅次特性與運輸服務和(8)運具可獲性及觀感構面。並進一步利用線性結構關係模式，以台灣地區國中、高中、高職學生為實證研究對象，進行確認性因素分析與路徑分析，以驗證本研究所建構之模式的假設與適配性。 研究結果發現駕駛人「性別」與「年齡」對違規駕駛機車意向具顯著性之影響。在模式之實驗研究中則發現「自我控制能力」、「法律認知與執行」及「同儕團體」為影響國中學生無照駕駛機車意向之最重要因素；而影響高中學生依序為「旅次特性與運輸服務」、「運具可獲性及觀感」、「法律認知與執行」；高職學生則為「運具可獲性及觀感」、「自我控制能力」、「法律認知與執行」。至於皆未得到驗證之假設，則為社會影響對青少年無照駕駛機車意向之影響。 研究結果亦顯示國內青少年族群中，使用機車最嚴重者為高職學生，其次為高中生，第三則為國中學生。教導高中及高職學生學會使用機車的對象以父母親為最多，而國中學生則為自己偷偷學為最多，顯見國內青少年的父母親交通法規常識迫切的需要被教育。在交通安全宣導最容易引其學生注意的前三項分別為車禍事故案例、車禍肇事照片以及事故當事人的經驗。本研究之研究成果可供有關單位在研擬交通管理策略以及遏止青少年無照駕駛機車問題上之參考。

Illegal motorcycle riding is common for the adolescents in Taiwan and brings severe motorcycle traffic safety problem to the society. This study is conducted to explore the factors that affect adolescents to ride motorcycles illegally without licenses. We started this study by developing a conceptual framework for the illegal riding motorcycler, and then formulated the relationship between the behavior intention of illegal riding and the eight developed constructs by a Structural Equation Model (SEM). A set of questionnaires was designed to collect the relevant information about the adolescents in Taiwan in order to verify the developed model. The study results showed the gender and age had significant effects on the behavior intention of illegal driving. Furthermore, the ability of self-control, punishment and enforcement to illegal driving, peer group, were also found to have significant effects on illegal driving behavioral intentions for junior high school students. The trip characteristic and transportation service, the obtainment of motorcycle, punishment and enforcement to illegal driving were found to have significant effects for senior high school students. Finally, the obtainments of motorcycle, the ability of self-control, punishment and enforcement to illegal driving were found to have significant effects for vocational high school students. However, the effect of social impact on illegal-divining behavioral intentions was not significant as expected. The study results also showed that vocational high school students have the highest rate of riding motorcycle without licenses, and senior high school students have the second highest rate. The travel demand, availability and accessibility to motorcycles, and parents’ attitude were found to be the important factors to affect adolescents’ illegal motorcycle riding. Furthermore, the appropriate channels to learn the knowledge and techniques for safe motorcycle riding are very limited, and thus the risk perception for riding motorcycle was found seriously insufficient for adolescents.Based on the findings in this study, some suggestions related to licensing, training and education, as well as enforcement are also proposed.