緊鄰鐵路沿線移動式起重機具施工安全風險評估之研究

Abstract

緊臨鐵路沿線改建工程因施工不慎，影響鐵路正常營運；尤其是吊掛作業，更易影響鐵路之行車安全，造成生命、財產、社會無論是有形或無形之鉅大損失，故本研究主要之內容，為緊臨鐵路沿線吊掛施工安全之風險辨識、風險評估、及災害防治三項。 首先透過歷年來緊臨鐵路沿線吊掛災害之統計分析，進行作業風險辨識，確立鐵路沿線吊掛施工安全之風險因子，主要為吊掛材料因人為疏忽、機具故障或環境因素侵入鐵路行車淨空、碰觸25KV特高壓電車線感電，影響鐵路正常營運。並藉由吊掛風險之失誤樹及比較式模糊性嚴重度分析評估災害發生之風險，並建立鐵路改建工程吊掛施工標準作業程序。整合緊臨鐵路沿線吊掛風險辨識及評估之結果，運用鐵路沿線吊掛施工標準作業程序及作業安全之重點管理，完成鐵路改建工程吊掛施工安全之風險評估及因應對策。 最後將風險評估後之成果及改進建議，回饋到施工階段，作為降低鐵路改建工程吊掛施工不確定風險之參考及應用。

Performing railway reconstruction work incautiously adjacent to the existing railway area will impact railway operation, especially crane lifting activity. It easily affects the safety of the train operation and causes losses to lives, property, and society, whatever visible or invisible. This study was focused on the risk identification, risk assessment, and damage prevention of movable crane adjacent to railway area. Firstly, execute activity risk identification using statistical analysis of damage records caused by movable crane operating adjacent to railway area; in turn determine risk factors of lifting work safety. Main risk factors suggested are drivers’ lack of caution, mechanical malfunction, and surrounding closeness incurred encroachment upon railway clearance, or contact ultra-high 25KV electricity line when lifting materials, and railway service is interrupted, consequently. Utilizing error trees of lifting risks and fuzzy severity analysis to assess risks of damage occurrence, create lifting activity’s standard operation procedures (SOP) for railway reconstruction work. Integrate the results of lifting risk identification and assessment, afore-mentioned SOP to accomplish lifting activity safety’s risk assessment and response. Finally, results and improvement suggestions concluded from risk assessment can be a reference and application for feeding back to construction stage as a means to reduce lifting activity’s risk uncertainty.