鐵道養路作業勞工之災害預防對策研究-以台灣鐵路管理局為例

Abstract

鐵路之首要任務，在以安全、準確與迅速的方式運輸貨物與旅客到達目的地。為便利社會大眾，鐵路應經常保持良好狀態，然而路線卻經常遭受到列車長時間行駛與自然力的破壞。為防範於未然，路線必須經常保養、巡視檢查，保持一定之標準，以確保列車運轉之安全。而完成這項任務的是一群日以繼夜辛勤工作的鐵道養路作業勞工。但由於其工作環境本質上是不安全的，如地面不平、交通不便、高壓電車線、快速通過的列車、夜間工作視線不良、風雨中搶修災害、橋樑施工、隧道作業等均具有嚴重的潛在危害。如民國95年3月10日凌晨崇德發生列車碰撞正在當地養路作業勞工，造成五死重大職業災害。 本研究係以鐵道養路工程為範圍，探討施工安全衛生管理事項，對鐵道養路工程各階段作業，從施工規劃、臨時工程及各分項工程為探討對象，以表列方式分別說明其施工步驟及工法（The Methods）、機械設備（The Machines）、施工人員（The Men Power）、材料物料（The Material）、作業環境（The Working Environment），即以4M1E方式將鐵道養路工程各分項工程作業內容，加以分析整理，並找出其安全注意事項及適用法規，提昇作業勞工之安全衛生管理，進而對施工作業安全環境建立之助益。

The first task of Taiwan Railway Administration is to transport goods and passengers to the destination in a safe, accurate and fast way. For the public safety, the railway should be maintained in good condition for all time. However, the tracks have become deformed through heavy use and a lot of them have been destroyed by natural disasters. Consequently, TRA has to maintain and assure the railway’s safety. After all, an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. The maintenance job requires many people to work hard day and night. Their working environment, however, is substantially unsafe. Potential dangers include rough roads, traffic inconvenience, 25KV electrical lines, trains flying by, poor sight at night, rescue in storms, bridge constructions, tunnel work, etc. There were five people killed in an accident in the early morning on March 10 in 2006. This research focuses on the railway maintenance engineering management and lists appropriate ways as to when and where to apply those Labor Health and Safety Regulations. To improve the railway maintenance engineering management, starting from the construction planning, construction preparation to the site construction, this report, presented in form of table, will explain the following items: Methods, Men Power, Machines, Material and Working Environment. By using the 4M1E, this research categorizes and analyzes the railway maintenance engineering requirements and the safety regulations. This in turn will improve working efficiency, lead to effective management, and will effectively establish safety in working environment.