無道碴軌道系統施工效益評估之研究-以台灣高速鐵路為例

Abstract

近來由於台灣地區因經濟持續穩定發展，交通運輸之需求日漸成長，即使政府為此興建第二條高速公路及區域公路網仍難以紓緩龐大車流，而以「載客量大、乘坐舒適、輸送快速便捷」為特性之軌道運輸系統，便成為政府現階段及未來優先考量之大眾運輸工具，亦使高速鐵路工程孕育而生。 無道碴軌道系統發展已數十載，其具有軌道省力化、整體結構強、乘車舒適感佳、維修成本低及低污染等優點，捷運或一般鐵路，採用無道碴軌道之情形已逐漸增多，然無道碴軌道系統在工法選用上尚難考慮施工階段效益之差異，本研究以此觀點進行探討與研究，就品質、成本及工期三大構面進行分析，首先藉由工法之特性及文獻之探討，歸納影響施工效益之因素做為評估項目，再根據參與第一線軌道系統之軌道專家之意見，以分析層級程序法(Analytic Hierarchy Process Method, AHP)建立軌道系統施工效益之評估方法，由該方法了解施工階段效益之優劣，做為後續新建軌道系統選用工法之參考，並以台灣高鐵之軌道系統所採用之J-SLAB、RHEDA、LVT工法為例，進行工法間之相互比較與分析。 本研究之評估項目共分為品質、成本及工期三構面及十四個評估項目，並經由各階段之問卷訪談確認評估項目及其權重，以三構面來看，其權重分配分為品質佔44.5%；成本佔19.1%；工期36.4佔%，顯見第一線軌道專家最注重品質之達成，其次是工期之達成，最後才是成本考量。本研究並進一步就台灣高鐵之軌道例進行工法間之比較，於品質及工期之考量上，皆以日本版式軌道(J-SLAB)為最佳之工法，然就成本考量則以LVT工法為較佳之工法。 由研究結果可以說明，品質為第一考量要務，以三種工法為例，為達成品質之要求，須大量採用預鑄構件，使品質較易於控制，且較不受外在環境條件之影響及限制，是以J-SLAB工法之施工特性最為符合。未來新建軌道系統時，於選用工法方面，建議採用預鑄構件比例較高之工法，以符合品質、工期之要求

The Non-ballast track system has been developed for decades; the track system has acquired strong overall structural stability in members, Smooth and comfort in operation, lower maintenance cost, and lower pollution produced during transportation. The Non-ballast track system therefore has been adopted for many MRT and railway construction projects. However, there are few documents in the study of the beneficial effective for the system. This study is focusing on the analysis of the quality, the cost and the construction scheduling of the Non-ballast track system, the study begins with developing the items to be assessed for the system after researched the existing documents; followed by interviewing numbers of track construction experts in Taiwan, according to the opinions of the experts, using AHP Method (Analytic Hierarchy Process Method) to establish the assessment procedures and to produce the results of beneficial effective for different Non-ballast track methods, it is hoped that the study can be served as a practical reference in selecting appropriate Non-ballast track methods for the system in construction. The study is based on analysis of the three Non-ballast track methods adopted by Taiwan High Speed Rail Project; namely J-SLAB, RHEDA and LVT. All three methods are evaluated by 14 assessment items in three major aspects; construction quality, construction cost and construction scheduling. The study had Interviewed track experts from different contracts that performed the construction works for the Taiwan High Speed Railway project, based on the data from the massive expert interviews, Using Analytic Hierarchy Process Method to assess J-SLAB, RHEDA and LVT methods in quality, cost and scheduling and produce comparing indexes. The study reveals the construction quality is the most major concern for the construction, followed by construction scheduling, and cost is comparably less concerned. It was suggested Pre-cast members in Non-ballast track is recommended to maintain the stability of the quality and also improved the control of construction schedules.